Lesson ProgressPhase 2 of 6
Phase 2Introduction
Introduction: Launch & Explore: The Payroll Cash Crunch

Introduce the unit challenge and establish learning goals and success criteria

The Payroll Scoreboard
What You'll Track Across This Unit

Every payroll system tracks four key numbers. Keep these in mind as you build your Payday Simulator:

đź’° Gross Pay

The total amount earned before any deductions. This is the promise you make to your employee.

📉 Deductions

Money taken out for taxes, insurance, retirement, and other benefits. These reduce what the employee takes home.

🏢 Employer Cost

What you pay beyond the employee's paycheck—employer taxes, benefits, insurance. This is often 20-30% more than gross pay.

đź’¸ Cash Out

The actual cash that leaves your business on payday. Gross pay + employer cost = total payroll cash need.

Cash Out = Gross Pay + Employer Cost

Interactive: Scan the Payroll System
Click through these sample employees to see how the scoreboard applies in practice.

Gross Pay

$1731/check

Deductions

-$11250

Net Pay

$33750

Total Cash Out

$58500

Annual salary paid bi-weekly (26 pay periods)

From Gross to Net
Understanding the Math Behind Every Paycheck

When you agree to pay an employee, you talk in terms of Gross Pay. This is the total amount of money an employee earns before any deductions are taken out. For example, if you hire an employee for $20 per hour and they work 40 hours, their gross pay is $800. But the employee doesn't actually receive $800 in their bank account. The amount they take home is called Net Pay, and it’s what’s left over after all the taxes and other deductions are withheld.

Getting this right is critical. Under-withholding taxes means your employee could owe a lot of money at tax time. Over-withholding means they have less money in their pocket each month. To be a good employer, you need to get this exactly right.

Common Deductions:

  • Federal and State Income Tax: Money withheld for the government, based on earnings and W-4 form information.
  • FICA Taxes: A federal tax for Social Security (6.2%) and Medicare (1.45%).
  • Other Deductions: Health insurance premiums, retirement plan contributions, etc.

Gross Pay - Deductions = Net Pay

Comprehension Check
Test your understanding with these multiple choice questions.

1. What is the difference between Gross Pay and Net Pay?

2. What does FICA tax fund?

0 of 2 questions answered