Lesson ProgressPhase 3 of 6
Phase 3Guided Practice
Guided Practice: Launch & Explore: The Payroll Cash Crunch

Collaborative practice applying Gross and net pay calculations including all standard withholdings with scaffolded support

Why Multiple Pay Types Matter

Sarah pays people in three different ways, and each method changes the math inside her Payday Simulator. Hourly employees (including tipped workers) multiply hours by rate, then add tips before calculating taxes. Salaried employees convert annual pay into each paycheck and remove consistent deductions like benefits. Commission employees earn a base draw to keep cash steady, plus a percentage of sales that can spike or dip dramatically.

The basic rules never change: track the promise (gross pay), apply every deduction with the right percentage, and confirm that net pay is accurate before the money leaves the bank. Misplacing one formula can make Sarah miss payroll, so you will practice all three pay types side by side.

  • Hourly + Tips: servers, baristas, ride-share drivers. Pay swings with hours and tip reports.
    • Base rate: dollars paid for each hour on the schedule.
    • Reported tips: customer money turned in so taxes stay accurate.
    • Withholding: tax money set aside before the worker is paid.
  • Salaried: managers, salaried developers, operations leads. Amount per paycheck = salary ÷ pay periods.
    • Annualized pay: the yearly promise shown on offer letters.
    • Pay frequency: how many checks per year (bi-weekly, semi-monthly, etc.).
    • Pretax deduction: money for benefits removed before taxes hit.
  • Commission + Draw: sales reps and brokers. Draw ensures steady cash while commissions depend on closed deals.
    • Draw: a fixed amount advanced so the rep can pay bills.
    • Commission rate: the percent of sales the rep keeps.
    • Variable compensation: earnings that change with performance.
  • Universal Terms:
    • Gross pay: the full promise before any deductions.
    • Net pay: the cash the employee actually receives.
Activity 1: Hourly + Tips

Use the spreadsheet to test how hours, hourly wage, and reported tips change gross and net pay for Maria’s server. Focus on the order of operations: (hours × rate) + tips = gross pay, then multiply by the tax rate.

Enter these values to start:

  • Employee: Maria's Server
  • Hours: 25
  • Base Rate/hr: 2.13
  • Tips: 180
  • Tax Rate: 0.10

Try It: Adjust the base rate to 2.50 and tips to 220. What new net pay do you see?

ABCDEFGHIJ
1EmployeeHoursBase Rate/hrTipsGross PayTax RateTaxNet Pay
2Maria's Server252.13180233.250.123.325000000000003209.925
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Activity 2: Salaried Employee with Deductions

Independent practice moves here so you can compare hourly and salary entries quickly. Enter Maria’s manager details below and note how dividing the annual salary by the number of pay periods keeps cash planning predictable.

  • Employee: Maria's Manager
  • Annual Salary: 45000
  • Pay Periods/Year: 26
  • Health Insurance: 50
  • Tax Rate: 0.15

After you finish, change the pay frequency to 24 periods and record the new gross and net pay.

ABCDEFGHIJ
1EmployeeAnnual SalaryPay Periods/YearGross PayHealth InsuranceTaxable IncomeTax RateTaxNet Pay
2#DIV/0!#VALUE!#VALUE!#VALUE!
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Activity 3: Commission-Based Employee

Some of Sarah’s sales partners earn a base draw so they can pay bills, plus a commission on deals they close. This creates a cash flow spike when revenue lands, so the simulator must reflect the higher gross pay in those periods.

Scenario Inputs:

  • Employee: Jordan
  • Base Draw: 600
  • Sales This Period: 18000
  • Commission Rate: 0.08
  • Deduction Rate: 0.20

Enter those values and then model a slow week by cutting sales in half. Compare how net pay changes and note how Sarah must keep enough cash ready for big commission weeks.

ABCDEFGHIJ
1EmployeeBase DrawSales This PeriodCommission RateCommission EarnedGross PayDeduction RateDeductionsNet Pay
20000
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Comprehension Check
Test your understanding with these multiple choice questions.

1. Using the tipped spreadsheet, what is the server's Net Pay if they work 35 hours and receive $150 in tips?

2. If Maria's manager is paid 24 times per year instead of 26, what happens to the gross pay per paycheck (assume $45,000 salary)?

3. Jordan earns a $600 draw, $18,000 in sales, and 8% commission. Before deductions, what is Jordan's gross pay?

0 of 3 questions answered